LiDAR Digital Ground Model Point Density

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Metadata:


Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: King County
Publication_Date: 200307
Title: LiDAR Digital Ground Model Point Density
Edition: One
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Vector Digital Data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: King County, WA
Publisher: King County
Other_Citation_Details:
This product is derived from LiDAR 'bare-earth' elevation model data obtained from the PSLC (Puget Sound LiDAR Consortium) and from the King County ESA/SAO (Endangered Species Act/Sensitive Areas Ordinance) project.
Online_Linkage: None
Description:
Abstract:
Polygonal areas describing the number of LiDAR bare-earth elevation points per unit area. The density value is provided as both a quantitative value and a qualitative descriptor. The strong variation in sample spacing due to vegetation and other factors requires that the density interpretation be generalized in order to present the data in a reasonable number of polygons per tile.
Purpose:
Serves as a guide to the amount of elevation control that was provided by the randomly-spaced elevation sample points. Production elevation models are provided as interpolated lattices based on a standard posting distance. These models do not provide information about the initial data point density used to derive the model. The density data can be use to inform the user as to the amount of LiDAR control in a given area, where data voids occur, and some general information about vegetation canopy density. Detailed investigations regarding LiDAR penetration rates and more accurate point density patterns should be derived from the underlying TINs at a higher point density resolution.
Supplemental_Information:
Density interpretations are derived from both the Puget LiDAR Consortium data as well as the King County ESA/SAO project data. Various filtering and smoothing algorithms applied to the randomly-spaced data by each respective vendor may have an effect on the resulting density interpretation.

The density data is available in the same tiling scheme as the the primary bare-earth digital ground elevation data (dgm). The King County tile scheme is based on the underying PLSS as described by the idxptrmbr tile index. Individual tiles are identified as TxxRxx_den.

Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 200011
Ending_Date: 200302
Currentness_Reference: Ground condition
Status:
Progress: In work
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -121.500000
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -121.100000
North_Bounding_Coordinate: +47.800000
South_Bounding_Coordinate: +47.100000
The PSLC project area in combination with the King County ESA/SAO Project area comprise
the entirety of King County and southwestern Snohomish County (WRIA 8). The PSLC portion
encompasses approximately 500 square miles, including Vashon Island, the Seattle urban
environs, and mid-central King County. The ESA/SAO portion, approximately 1800 square miles,
includes the remainder of King County and the Snohomish portion.
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Not applicable
Theme_Keyword: LiDAR digital elevation data
Theme_Keyword: Point data density
Theme_Keyword: Digital Ground Model (DGM)
Theme_Keyword: Data voids
Theme_Keyword: Elevation control
Theme_Keyword: Bare-Earth
Theme_Keyword: Virtually Deforested
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Not applicable
Place_Keyword: King County, WA
Place_Keyword: Pacific NW
Place_Keyword: Washington state
Place_Keyword: Seattle
Place_Keyword: Snohomish County, southwestern portion
Access_Constraints:
A cooperative data sharing arrangement between the Puget Sound LiDAR Consortium and King County is allowing certain formats of the LiDAR data to be distributed with out license or restriction. Certain processing and data handling charges for necessary cost recovery may apply. Access to raw mass point files is by special request and request evaluation only.
Use_Constraints:
This data is provided for use as a general guide to the amount of surface elevation control (sample spacing) used in creation of the bare-earth digital surface model. Even though the interpretation has been generalized, it is a important supplement for users in evaluating relative accuracies and control spacing where penetration to 'true ground' may vary considerably.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Michael Leathers
Contact_Organization:
King County Geographic Information Center, Department of Natural Resources and Parks
Contact_Position: GIS Data Coordinator
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and physical address
Address: 201 S Jackson St, Suite 706
City: Seattle
State_or_Province: WA
Postal_Code: 98104
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 206-263-4867
Native_Data_Set_Environment:
The data were processed in a Unix operating system environment using primarily ArcInfo 7.x workstation. The data are provided in formats accessible by appropriate software on both the Unix and Windows Operating Systems.

Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
The density quantitative attribute range was calibrated through correlation of grid values generated by the PointDensity function to actual point counts. Final smoothing and dissolve functions to reduce the number of polygons will, in many cases, merge small areas into adjacent polygons. This will have an effect on the absolute accuracy of the density specification relative the polygon it describes. The density attribute also describes an average density for the points in that polygon. Actual point density and distribution often varies considerably at the sub-polygon level.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
All polygons are attributed with a density attribute. There are no 'islands'.
Completeness_Report:
Density interpretations will eventually cover all portions of the combined King County ESA/SAO and PSLC project areas.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
The bounds of the density polygons is the result of some generalization, smoothing and aggregation of subpolygon density information. The posting resolution of the underlying grid from which the polygons were derived also affects the postional accuracy of the data. Horizontal accuracy of the density polygon bounds is approximately 6 - 12 feet.
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Not applicable
Lineage:
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: King County ESA/SAO contract with 3di Technologies, Boulder, CO
Publication_Date: 2003
Title:
King County ESA/SAO Lowland LiDAR Project (Phase I) and King County ESA/SAO Upland LiDAR Project (Phase 2)
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Tabular digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Boulder, CO
Publisher: 3di Technologies
Other_Citation_Details:
The King County ESA/SAO project is comprised of two separate project areas (phases). Phase I (lowland phase) includes the portion of western King County and southern Snohomish County that completes that portion of the County not covered by the PSLC project. The second phase (upland phase) includes the remainder of the County.
Type_of_Source_Media:
CD-R and DVD+R containing x,y,z LiDAR elevation records in ASCII file format.
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 112002
Ending_Date: 122003
Source_Currentness_Reference: Publication date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: 3di
Source_Contribution: Bare-earth ASCII elevation files
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Puget Sound LiDAR Consortium
Publication_Date: 2002
Title:
Puget Sound LiDAR Consortium LIDAR Elevation Data <http://duff.geology.washington.edu/data/raster/lidar/>
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Tabular digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Seattle, WA
Publisher: Puget Sound Regional Council
Other_Citation_Details:
The Puget Sound LiDAR Consortium serves as a central clearinghouse for LiDAR elevation data acquired for large portions of the Puget Sound lowlands including Vashon Island and urban/suburban areas of King County. The PSLC is coordinated through the Puget Sound Regional Council. A cooperative agreement between the Consortium and King County is working to make all the LiDAR data, regardless of original source, publicly available.
Type_of_Source_Media:
King County received the PSLC contribution to merge with its ESA/SAO 3di data through several preliminary CD/DVD media deliveries for testing and cross-check with the 3di data. Final, complete delivery was made to King County on portable harddrive.
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 2001
Ending_Date: 2002
Source_Currentness_Reference: Publication date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: PSLC
Source_Contribution:
Bare-earth ASCII files and ArcInfo format digital elevation models.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Vendor (Intensity) Production Step 1:

LiDAR data processing was used to produce the x,y,z elevation points using vendor proprietary lidar data processing software. Within this integrated process an atmospheric correction was made, which is especially important in regions of relatively low elevation.

Process_Date: 2002
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Vendor (Intensity) Production Step 2:

Data by flight line was combined in a merge process that eliminates redundant points. Data was also clipped into more manageable one km x one km bounds. Noise or anomalous returns were filtered from all data during this processing step. The data was quality checked using commercial software, Spectra Precision TerraModel and TerraVista.

Process_Date: 2002
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Vendor Production Step 3:

All elevation data was processed on a point by point basis for ellipsoid to orthometric height conversion using the National Geodetic Survey (NGS) Geoid Model, GEOID99. Datum and coordinate system conversion from WGS84 to the Washington State Plane coordinate system was performed using U.S. Army Corps of Engineers CorpsCon software algorithms.

Process_Date: 2002
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
King County Density Process Step 1:

After receipt from 3di Technologies, the data media was cataloged, and the media contents were logged. The ASCII files were retiled into the King County idxp7500 tiling scheme. This resulted in creation of larger files where several 1 x 1 km 3di tiles were appended and clipped to form one 7500 ft x 7500 King County tile. The ASCII records were also appended with a integer identifier resulting in a final record format of identifier, easting, northing, and elevation value.

Process_Date: 2003
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
King County Density Process Step 2:

The retiled ASCII point files were AWKed to output .gen files of the format: 1, easting, northing, elevation. The constant value of 1 was used to indicate that all points should be treated as mass points.

Digital Ground Model (bare-earth) .gen files were built for input to the TIN creation function. The .gen files included all points of the subject tile plus a 100-foot buffer of all adjacent tiles. The composite ASCII .gen file was AWKed to create an output file of form: 1,easting, northing, elevation. The constant value of 1 is used to indicate that all points should be treated as Masspoints during the tinning process.

The retiled ASCII point files were built into TINs using ArcInfo CREATETIN command with no (0.0) proximity tolerance.

Process_Date: 2003
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
King County Density Model Process Step 1:

ArcInfo TINARC-point all idxp7500 TINs that comprise a township-range tile

ArcInfo GRID POINTDENSITY tin # # SIMPLE,3.208,circle,17.7 to generate a grid interpretation of the point density

Tins, and thus pointdensity grids, extend 100 ft beyond input idxp7500 tiles. ArcInfo GRID GRIDCLIP used to clip back only 25 overlap with adjacent tiles to remove lower density areas due to edge effect

Resulting idxp7500 grids are GRID MERGED to form composite grid of density values.

Merged grid GRID RECLASSED using pre-defined remap table to reduce continuous range of data values to discrete 4 classes.

GRID BOUNDARYCLEAN function with ASCEND, TWOWAY arguments used to aggregrate and regroup pixel clusters into a reduced number of zones.

For composite grids that have NODATA areas, a NULL mask applied.

Final grids created by clipping merged grids to exact idxptrmbr tile bound.

GRIDPOLY used to convert grid to polygon

Attributes added to PAT and populated

PROJECTDEFINE used to define projection header

Coverage exported as shapefile.

Process_Date: 2003

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Indirect_Spatial_Reference:
The density data is organized in a standardized tile scheme. The highest resolution tiles are provided in a tiles that approximate the PLSS township-range grid for the project area. The tiles are defined by a minimum bounding rectangle (MBR) defined around each township-range, and identified by the township number as t## cocanenated with the range number as r##. A resulting representative tile_id would be t22r04.

This MBR is defined by right angle corners and four orthogonal bounds that are adjusted to the nearest 100 foot State Plane Zone 5061, HPGN position. This results in a series of overlapping tiles that fully encompass all sections within that township. The tiling scheme is defined by the spatial index called idxptrmbr (index polygons for township- range, minimum bounding rectangle). Tiles have only been created for those townships where sufficient LiDAR data was available for contouring.

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector
Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:
SDTS_Terms_Description:
SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String

Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Grid_Coordinate_System:
Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: State Plane Coordinate System 1983
State_Plane_Coordinate_System:
SPCS_Zone_Identifier: Washington, North
Lambert_Conformal_Conic:
Standard_Parallel: 47.500000
Standard_Parallel: 48.733333
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -120.833333
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 47.000000
False_Easting: 1640416.666500
False_Northing: 0.000000
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: Row and column
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 6
Ordinate_Resolution: 6
Planar_Distance_Units: Survey feet
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983, 1991 Adjustment (HPGN)
Ellipsoid_Name: GRS 80
Semi-major_Axis: 20925604.4720406
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.26

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: Shapefile dbf attribute file
Entity_Type_Definition: Point Density class grid code and descriptive attributes
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Software assigned and user indexed
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: grid-code
Attribute_Definition: Grid code value after reclass
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Defined by ArcInfo GRID RECLASS function as discussed in Process
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
1.Void to Low. Sample points absent to up to 10 pts/100 sq meter density.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: User-defined
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: 2.Low. Sample point density from 10 to 20 pts/100 sq meters.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: User-defined
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 3
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: 3.Medium. Sample point density from 20 to 40 pts/100 sq meters.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: User-defined
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 4
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
4.High. Sample point density greater than 40 points/100 sq meters.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: User-defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: den_lvl
Attribute_Definition:
Relative qualitative descriptor of average bare-earth point density within polygon.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
User-defined upon inspection of actual point count averages per unit area
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1. Void to Low
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Polygon has no or very few elevation control points. Even low point areas may have numerous small void areas that are below the resolution of the interpretation.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: User-defined
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2. Low
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Relative low point density. Low point density areas may contain multiple small void areas below the resolution of the interpretation.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: User-defined
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 3. Medium
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Relative medium density point density. Medium density polygons may include multiple low and possibly void areas below the resolution of the interpretation.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: User-defined
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 4. High
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Relative high point density. High point density polygons may include multiple polygons of lower density, including void areas that are below the resolution of the interpretation.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: User-defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Den_desc
Attribute_Definition:
Narrative description providing generalized quantitative range value for point density corresponding to relative description in den_lvl
Attribute_Definition_Source: User-defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Up to 10 pts/100 sq. meters
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: User-defined
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: 10 to 20 points/100 sq. meters
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: User-defined
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 3
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: 20 to 40 points/100 sq. meters
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: User-defined
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 4
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Greater than 40 points/100 sq meters
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: User-defined
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
Polygons derived from density grid interpretation are coded with both qualitative and quantitative point density attributes. A quantitative range is provided as the polyons have been generalized and the data is attempting to quantify density on a randomly-spaced (near random) point distribution. Density is quantified in points per 100 sq. meters. Square meters are use rather than square feet as project specifications are stated in metric units.
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: None

Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Dennis Higgins
Contact_Organization:
King County GIS Center, Client Services Department of Natural Resources and Parks
Contact_Position: Manager, Client Services Division
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and physical address
Address: 201 S Jackson St, Suite 706
City: Seattle
State_or_Province: WA
Postal_Code: 98104
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 206-263-4523
Resource_Description: LiDAR Digital Ground Model point density, txxrxx_den.shp
Distribution_Liability:
King County disclaims any warranty of use of any digital product or data beyond that for which it was designed.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: ArcInfo Shapefile
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: \\gisdw\kclib\plibrary3\idxptrmbr\dgm_density
Offline_Option:
Offline_Media: CD-R, DVD+R
Recording_Format: CD: Read-only, DVD: DVD+R read-only
Fees:
Contact KCGIS Client Services <http://www.metrokc.gov/gis/services/> for cost of reproduction and delivery

Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20030715
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Michael Leathers
Contact_Organization:
King County GIS Center, Department of Natural Resources and Parks
Contact_Position: GIS Data Coordinator
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and physical address
Address: 201 S Jackson St, Suite 706
City: Seattle
State_or_Province: WA
Postal_Code: 98104
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 206-263-4863
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: mike.leathers@metrokc.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

Generated by mp version 2.7.17 on Fri Apr 18 17:52:10 2008