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Risk of Disease and
Serious Complications
|
Risk of Serious Reaction
From Being Immunized
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Haemophilus influenzae type b
(Hib):
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Hib Vaccine:
|
Hib disease
 |
Before vaccine Hib was the leading cause of bacterial meningitis (1 in 200) among children under 5 years of age in the United States. 20,000 children in the US under age 5 got severe Hib disease each year and nearly 1,000 people died. |
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60% of cases occur in children younger than one year
|
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Neurologic damage: up to 45 in 100 children with invasive Hib disease
|
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Death: 1 in 20 children with invasive Hib disease
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No known association between Hib vaccine and serious adverse events.
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Polio:
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Inactivated Polio Vaccine:
|
38,000 cases per year prior to vaccine, including 21,000 cases with paralysis. 58,000 cases in 1952. During 1970s, several outbreaks in the U.S. in non-immunized populations, none in United States since 1979.
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Permanent paralysis: 1 in 100 |
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Death: 1 in 20 children and 1 in 4 adults with paralytic polio.
|
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No known association between IPV and serious adverse events. |
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Measles:
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MMR Vaccine:
|
| Prior to the introduction of vaccine, 400,000 reported cases per year. In 1989-91 epidemic: 55,622 cases due to large number of unimmunized children, 45% less than 5 years old; 20% hospitalized, 123 deaths. |
Thrombocytopenia (bleeding tendency from temporary decrease in blood platelets): about 1 in 30,000 |
|
MMR Vaccine
Measles Component:
|
| Severe allergic reaction: less than 1 in 1,000,000. |
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Mumps:
|
MMR Vaccine
Mumps Component:
|
Cases: 200,000 per year before vaccine became available, currently 3,000-5,000 per year
|
Encephalitis: 2 in 100,000 |
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Testicular swelling: 1 in 5 adults
|
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Deafness: 1 in 20,000
|
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Death: 1 in 3,000 to 1 in 10,000
|
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Severe allergic reaction: less than 1 in 1,000,000 |
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Rubella:
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MMR Vaccine
Rubella Component:
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12.5 million cases in 1964-65, including 2,100 infant deaths, 11,250 fetal deaths, and 20,000 newborns born with congenital rubella syndrome (see below).
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Arthritis (usually temporary): 7 in 10 adult women. |
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Thrombocytopenia:: 1 in 3,000
|
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Congenital Rubella Syndrome: (deafness, cataracts, mental retardation) in 1 in 4 infants if women infected in early pregnancy.
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Death: 1 in 3,000 to 1 in 10,000
|
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Arthritis (usually temporary): Up to 1 in 4, usually teenage or adult women (not children).
Severe allergic reaction: less than 1 in 1,000,000
|
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Diphtheria:
|
DTaP Vaccine
Diphtheria Component:
|
15,000 deaths in U.S. each year. Outbreak in Washington State during 1970s; 40 cases in U.S. 1980-93. With decreased immunizations, over 50,000 cases in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe in 1995.
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Death: 1 in 10
|
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No known association between diphtheria vaccine and serious adverse events. |
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Tetanus:
|
DTaP Vaccine
Tetanus Component:
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Prior to vaccine, 600 cases and 180 deaths per year in U.S. 50-100 cases per year in the United States: more than 500,000 deaths per year worldwide.
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Death: 1 in 3
|
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Severe neuritis (inflammation of the nerves): 1 in 100,000
|
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Severe allergic reaction: 1 in 1 million |
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Pertussis:
|
DTaP Vaccine
Pertussis Component:
|
| (Whooping Cough): Prior to vaccine, 200,000 cases and 8,000 deaths per year in U.S. Over 400 confirmed cases in King County, WA in 1999. 69% of all U.S cases less than 5 years old, and almost half of these were younger than 12 months old.
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Hepatitis B:
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Hepatitis B Vaccine:
|
| An estimated 200,000 - 300,000 people infected each year in the U.S.
Nine of 10 infants infected at birth will become lifelong carriers of the disease, and one out of four of these infants will ultimately die of liver failure.
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Hospitalizations per year: 11,000
|
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Deaths per year: 4,000 - 5,000 |
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Severe allergic reaction: 2 in 100,000 doses. |
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Varicella:
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Varicella Vaccine:
|
| Prior to vaccine, 3 -4 million cases per year in United States; 12,000 hospitalized with complications.
Nine out of ten people in a household who have not had chickenpox already will catch the virus if exposed to an infected household member.
Disease is more severe and complications more frequent in adolescents and adults, and in those with weakened immune systems.
Complications:
|
Seizure caused by fever: less than 1 in 1,000 people vaccinated.
Pneumonia is very rare.
|
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Hepatitis A:
|
Hepatitis A Vaccine:
|
|
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No known association between hepatitis A vaccine and serious adverse events. |
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Pneumococcal Disease:
|
7-valent conjugate vaccine:
|
| Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in the U.S. Children under 2 years are at highest risk for serious disease. In children under 5 years of age, pneumococcal infection causes:
|
No known association between pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and serious adverse events. |
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23-valent polysaccharide vaccine:
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| Severe allergic reaction: Less than 1 in 10,000 doses |
