Porous concrete
What is porous concrete sidewalk?Porous concrete sidewalk is a cement mixture that contains voids when hardened. These voids allow water to drain through the sidewalk surface and infiltrate directly into the soil below. This project will be using porous concrete sidewalks on all four legs of the intersection. Material mix used for the porous concrete placed on-sitePorous concrete specifications from other agencies
Porous concrete helps mitigate the 'urban heat island' effectAccording to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, an "urban heat island" (UHI) refers to an urban area that is significantly warmer than its surroundings. The temperature difference usually is larger at night and during the winter; however, it primarily depends on local conditions. Urban heat islands are caused by land surface modifications from urban development and waste heat from energy usage. Many U.S. cities and suburbs have air temperatures up to 10°F warmer than the surrounding natural land cover.1 |
Porous concrete sidewalk.
Enlarged view, 151KB .jpg (Photo courtesy of Greg McKinnon, Stoneway Concrete.) 
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Porous concrete helps reduce local UHI effects in several ways. Foremost, its relatively light color has a higher albedo, or reflectance, than darker pavements such as asphalt. Additionally, the pores associated with porous concrete allow it to store relatively less heat than typical concrete.2 Consequently, porous concrete absorbs less solar radiation, stores less heat, and transfers less heat to its surroundings than most paving materials.
Water infiltration associated with porous concrete limits UHI effects following periods of rainfall by keeping the recesses of the pavement cool.3 Additionally, by eliminating stormwater pooling, porous concrete dries faster and restores its surface albedo more quickly. Infiltration associated with porous concrete also provides nearby trees and plants relatively better access to oxygen and nutrients from soils beneath the pavement while reducing the temperatures near trees' upper root zone. As a result, vegetation grows faster and larger. This reduces UHI effects in the long-term by providing more shade and increasing local evapotranspiration.4
Porous concrete is better for vegetation
Many trees and plants have difficulty growing in areas covered by impervious pavements, sidewalks, and landscaping, because air and water have difficulty getting to the roots. Unlike typical concrete, porous concrete pavements and sidewalks allow local vegetation to receive more air and water, allowing vegetation to grow faster and larger.5
Related links
- King County
- Surface Water Design Manual
- Appendix C, pg. C-61 (9MB .pdf)
- Puget Sound Action Team
- LID Technical Guidance Manual:
- Washington Department of Ecology
- Washington Department of Transportation
- LID Stormwater information: Highway Runoff Manual
- Chapter 5, pg. 5-138 (12MB .pdf)
- City of Olympia
- EPA
- Field Evaluation of Permeable Pavements (65KB .pdf)
- Field Evaluation of Permeable Pavements (65KB .pdf)
- Seattle Daily Journal of Commerce
- 2007 Washington Aggregates and Concrete Association Award Winners, Sustainable Merit Award: High Point (incorporates porous concrete sidewalks)
- 2007 Washington Aggregates and Concrete Association Award Winners, Sustainable Merit Award: High Point (incorporates porous concrete sidewalks)
- Stormwater, the Journal for Surface Water Quality Professionals
- Portland Cement Association
2 Tennis, et al. "Pervious Concrete Pavements." Portland Cement Association and National Ready Mixed Concrete Association. (accessed Aug. 7, 2007)
3 EPA, “Heat Island Effect, What Can Be Done.” (accessed Aug. 7, 2007)
4 Golden, Jay and Kamil Kaloush. “Alternative pavements ease urban-heat effect.” The Arizona Republic, Aug. 4, 2007. (accessed Aug. 7, 2007)
5 Tennis, et al. "Pervious Concrete Pavements." Portland Cement Association and National Ready Mixed Concrete Association. (accessed Aug. 7, 2007)
Updated: March 28, 2008