King County Environmental Purchasing Program

1995 Annual Report

Published: September, 1995.

 

The 2003 report is now available

Reports for 1994, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002 are also available.

• I. King County Recycled Product Procurement
  • The Policy
  • The Program
  • The Challenges
  • The Opportunities
• II. Purchases
  • Paper Supply Contracts
  • Non-Paper Supply Contracts
  • Other Procurement
• III. Ongoing Program Elements
  • Agency Liaison Network
  • Internet Information Project
  • King County Policy Revision
  • Technical Assistance for Jurisdictions
  • Model Procurement Policy
  • Construction Materials Notebook
  • Re-use of Demolition Materials
  • Public Involvement
• Appendices
  • King County Publications Available
  • Procurement Initiatives of Agencies

I. KING COUNTY RECYCLED PRODUCT PROCUREMENT
The King County Recycled Product Procurement policy (KCC 10.16, Executive Policy CON 7-1-2 (AEP)) requires County agencies to purchase products manufactured with recycled materials "wherever practicable." This report summarizes implementation progress through July, 1995.

The Policy

King County requires County agencies to buy products made with recycled products wherever practicable. It reflects a long- term commitment to support recycling markets by pursuing the economical use of recycled materials. The accomplishments of County agencies in implementation of this policy earned the 1991 procurement award of the National Recycling Coalition and established King County as a national leader in recycled product procurement.

King County is maintaining this position of leadership through the efforts and accomplishments of County employees who are actively pursuing ways to use recycled materials in new applications to increase their purchase of recycled products. This report describes the progress that people working in King County agencies have made toward the ambitious goals of the policy.

The policy was revised and simplified in 1995 in response to enhancements to the guidelines of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the experience of four years of implementation in County agencies. These revisions streamlined the policy and clarified accountabilities so that further revisions to EPA guidance can be smoothly accommodated and implementation efforts easily enhanced.

The Program

King County can attain its goal of buying recycled products "wherever practicable" only with the full participation of the agencies who specify products. The Recycled Product Procurement Program is a clearinghouse for recycled product procurement information, communicating specifications, contracts, and other procurement information between County agencies, vendors, users, and other jurisdictions. It helps agencies to understand policy requirements and identify opportunities and aids the effective communication of information between agencies to avoid duplication of efforts.

King County's collaborative approach, which provides information and guidance to County employees and relies on their expertise to evaluate procurement opportunities and revise procedures, is changing the way that agencies view these opportunities. They are placing more emphasis on developing ways to increase the use of recycled and other environmentally preferable products especially where they can use recycled materials that will reduce costs.

The King County Recycled Product Procurement Policy calls upon each County agency to revise contracting and procurement procedures and specifications to increase the purchase of recycled products. In the implementation of this policy, each department:

• evaluates recycled products to determine the extent to which they may be effectively used by the department and its contractors;
• purchases recycled products and recyclable products whenever practicable;
• ensures that contracts issued by the department require recycled material content whenever practicable and that contractors provide certification of this content and report amounts purchased; and
• reports the progress of policy implementation, including evaluation results and volumes purchased by the department and its contractors.

To facilitate the implementation of this policy by agencies, the Purchasing Agency administers the Recycled Product Procurement Program, which:

• fulfills the reporting and liaison requirements of Washington State RCW 43.19A, requiring recycled product procurement and reporting by local governments;
• creates educational opportunities to bring recycled product information to agency users;
• assembles information about recycled products, applications, and vendors and communicates it to agencies;
• reviews procurement opportunities and policy requirements with agencies and monitors the status of policy implementation efforts;
• coordinates product evaluations by agencies, disseminates evaluation results, and assists agencies in the development of specifications and contracts;
• provides technical support to the outreach programs of the Solid Waste Division, the Marketing Commission, the Clean Washington Center, and others, to encourage the adoption of recycled product procurement policies by suburban cities in King County;
• transmits the annual report of the King County Recycled
• Product Procurement Program to suburban cities and others to enhance communication between users of recycled products in County agencies and their counterparts in other jurisdictions; and
• coordinates development and implementation of procurement guidelines, preferential procurement procedures and minimum content standards, and recommends revisions of policy.

The Challenges

Using recycled materials is challenging because:

• project managers, designers, and contractors are not familiar with the use of recycled products and are uncertain of the ways in which they might be effectively specified and applied as substitutes for familiar products;
• performance history is often unavailable for new recycled product applications;
• developers of recycled products are often in the early stages of identifying the needs of their potential customers and establishing the production, marketing, and distribution capacity to meet them;
• construction products must meet rigorous standards maintained by a variety of governmental regulators. The modification of these standards is a painstaking and expensive process; and
• after a product is created and specifications are developed, the use of the product must be economically responsible, cost must be competitive, and contractors must have developed the processes and skills needed for its economical use.

The Opportunities

King County is addressing these challenges by:

• actively seeking new applications for recycled products and encouraging contractors to use products containing recycled material whenever possible;
• evaluating recycled product performance in new applications through testing and pilot programs and sharing the results with other jurisdictions and users;
• assembling specific application information and performance data from product users and manufacturers and disseminating this to potential users in the County;
• developing specifications for the procurement of recycled products when their use is found to be practicable;
• requiring that recycled products be specified in contracts whenever evaluation establishes that product performance and costs are acceptable; and
• helping potential suppliers understand King County procurement processes.

II. PURCHASES

Paper Supply Contracts

Term-supply contracts allow agencies to purchase hundreds of paper products at low and consistent prices. Recycled paper purchases have grown from 8% at the start of policy implementation to 91% at the end of second quarter 1995, averaging over 90% for 1994-95, exceeding the 60% goal established by the policy.

Paper Commodities Purchased

King County purchases of paper fall into three general categories:

• Photocopy and Bond Paper supplied to nearly all County users meets or exceeds King County Minimum Recycled Content Standards and in second quarter, 1995, recycled paper purchases climbed to 99%. The two predominant papers purchased include 25% and 35% post- consumer paper material, exceeding the 10% standard of the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the 20% standard established by President Clinton's Executive Order. The quality of these recycled papers meet the needs of the County's most demanding users.
• Printing by the County Printshop or under contracts administered through the Purchasing Agency uses recycled paper whenever it is available at prices within policy guidelines. During 1994/95, 86% of County printing used recycled paper.
• Other Paper Products purchased, include envelopes, boxes, notepads, paper towels and other tissue products. During 1994/95, 91% of all paper products purchased were recycled.

Purchase Summary

Recycled paper is purchased whenever possible. Non-recycled paper is purchased only if recycled paper is not available within the 15% price-preference guidelines. Future purchase levels will fluctuate with bid results but are expected to remain at generally high levels.

The table below shows the dollar value of recycled paper purchases for 1994/95 and the percentage of total paper purchases that were recycled products.

Non-Paper Supply Contracts

Agencies are required to evaluate potential recycled products and purchase them whenever their performance is satisfactory and price is reasonable. Many agencies have responded with imagination to the challenge of bringing change to long- standing materials specifications. Over 70 contracts containing recycled products were maintained in the past year.

Non-paper recycled product purchases totalled $560,000 in 1994-95.

Non-Paper Commodities Purchased

• Aggregate Made With Recycled Concrete is used by the Solid Waste Division for temporary road surface and by Roads Maintenance Section in a small number of other applications, as permitted by prevailing road-engineering standards. At the Cedar Hills landfill alone, over $30,000 was saved during 1994/95 by using this material in place of increasingly scarce and expensive native rock aggregate.

• Antifreeze manufactured with re-refined ethylene glycol has been purchased by the County since 1991. Motor Pool, Airport, Solid Waste Operations, and Equipment Rental and Repair used 1,666 gallons of re-refined antifreeze this year. Spent antifreeze is returned to the supplier for "closed-loop" re-refining into new antifreeze in a manner that meets all regulatory requirements, thereby avoiding the discharge of a toxic material into County waters.

• Asphalt can be economically recycled. The economical use of recycled asphalt by Roads Division was included in an informational program on recycled asphalt applications attended by two dozen County and Metro engineers. In 1995, recycled asphalt was added to the blanket contract for commodities purchased by Roads Division and other Public Works agencies.

• Compost is specified by Roads Maintenance Section whenever it purchases organically amended topsoil. Compost-amended topsoil purchases in 1994-95 totalled over $13,000.

• Ground Wood Waste from land clearing debris is used by Solid Waste Division for temporary road surface at the Cedar Hills Landfill. County purchases totalled nearly $80,000 for this material in 1994/95.

• Motor Oil manufactured with re-refined base-stock is used in County vehicles operated by Motor Pool, Equipment Rental and Repair, Stadium Administration, Airport Division and Solid Waste Operations. They used over 17,000 gallons in 1994-95. To promote the use of this oil, a bumper sticker proclaiming "Follow my lead, use re-refined oil" is placed on County vehicles. In addition to the three most-used engine-oil grades, re-refined oil is the base-stock for hydraulic oil purchased by the King County Airport.

• Plastic Products, Recycled:
  Since 1991, County supply contracts have specified that plastic liners for refuse cans contain recycled content wherever available.

• Can liners manufactured with 30% high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and with 25% Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) post-consumer recycled plastic are now supplied to County agencies.
  Last year the Renton Equipment Stores unit of Fleet Administration purchased 45,000 printed litter bags manufactured with 100% recycled content, 25% post-consumer.

• Computer Disks recovered as surplus from software publishers are re-formatted by a local firm. The Department of Development and Environmental Services saved money on computer supplies with the purchase of over 2,100 re-formatted diskettes.

• Toner Cartridges for laser printers, remanufactured by a local vendor to meet original equipment standards, are supplied to all County agencies (1995 data includes Department of Metropolitan Services). The cost is less than one-third the cost of new cartridges and County agencies saved over $180,000 through the toner cartridge contract in 1994-95. Spent cartridges are collected by the vendor for remanufacturing and all components are recycled when their useful life is over. Besides saving money, this contract reduces the landfill disposal of hazardous material.

Purchase Summary

This table represents the quantity and dollar amount of non- paper recycled products purchased on term supply contracts.

Other Procurement

Agencies purchase many products by means other than term-contract. These may be small purchases executed by "direct-voucher" for evaluation purposes or for purchases too small to justify the execution of a formal contract. They may also occur in construction or other service contracts that are not tied to term-contracts. Agency users and project managers are conducting pilot projects and otherwise developing new ways to incorporate recycled materials in these purchases. This section details the activities of agencies in these developmental areas.

Commodities purchased outside of term-contracts

• Aggregate Composed of 100% Recycled Glass was specified for pipe-bedding by the Solid Waste Division in two projects completed in the summer of 1994. Over 1,250 cubic yards of mixed glass, otherwise destined for sanitary-landfill disposal, was used in these projects. The specification of this material in County projects is leading the community in another step toward the development of economically viable aggregates containing recycled glass. Using recycled material saved nearly $4,000 in these projects when compared to traditional aggregates. The specifications used in these projects have been made available to the community through the World-Wide-Web of the Internet.

• Aggregate, Recycled Concrete
  Solid Waste Division saved over $8,000 by using over 2,500 yards of recycled concrete aggregate in place of virgin aggregate in the same two projects that utilized recycled glass aggregate, described above. Significant increase in the use of this material in construction is possible as agencies develop specifications for appropriate applications. The section below, entitled Re-use of Demolition Materialscontains details of the use of over 30,000 tons of recycled concrete aggregate in the construction of a new regional justice center. Parks Divison used recycled concrete aggregate in a number of smaller applications.

• Asphalt made from recovered material was evaluated by Roads Division, which used approximately 1,200 tons on an interior road project. They found that the material performed satisfactorily and provided a cost-saving alternative to new asphalt. The division plans to use recycled asphalt as a base course in their internal recycling yard, cutting their cost in half.

• Compost
  The Engineering Services Section of Roads Division is conducting pilot applications of specifications that include compost in soil amendment applications. They now specify compost-topsoil for one of the two primary topsoil mixes used in County Roads projects and are evaluating their opportunities to include compost in the other primary topsoil type.

• Ground Wood Waste
  Facilities Management Division is experimenting with a landscape-bark substitute made from shredded wood-waste. This material can be viewed in the North landscape bed in front of the King County Jail.

• Paint made by reprocessing household and industrial waste paint represents a significant opportunity for the reduction of hazardous waste and hazardous waste disposal costs. Several contracts have been established for recycled latex paint and agencies have been asked to seek opportunities to conduct trials of this material.

• Plastic Products, Recycled
  Parks Division purchased plastic lumber for bench-slat replacement, bollards, and utility applications in swimming- pool facilities. The best uses of this product have been as substitutes for chemically treated lumber in contact with soil and water and in other corrosive environments. Plastic-lumber picnic tables, benches and landscape timbers have been in place at Marymoor Park since 1993. The appearance and performance of these materials were satisfactory but costs substantially exceeded those of customary wood tables and benches. Quality, performance, and appearance vary considerably between manufacturers and Parks personnel continue to evaluate new products and applications as manufacturing technologies and availability evolve.

  Stadium Administration, Maintenance Division personnel installed over 200 units of recycled plastic lumber to replace wooden "channel boards" securing the Kingdome artificial turf, in 1994. The performance of this material has proven superior to that of virgin lumber and it is expected to have a longer replacement schedule and lower life-cycle cost. The application of this material has generated interest from stadia around the country. The Stadium has also purchased recycled plastic for fence slats, restroom partitions, worm bins, signage, and "skid pads" for the feet of portable bleachers, all with good results.

  Plastic Traffic Control Equipment was purchased by the Traffic and Planning and Roadside Safety section of Roads Division. They buy approximately 2,000 recycled plastic traffic delineators per year, as well as traffic cones, and channelizers manufactured with recycled tire-rubber bases.

  Bollards made of recycled plastic are being evaluated by Parks Division. Parks received funding through an interagency demonstration program, sponsored by the King County Commission for Marketing Recyclable Materials, to cover the increased cost of plastic lumber. They spent nearly $5,000 on plastic lumber for bollards in 1994-95. Roads Division has ordered 100 bollards, at a cost of $6,200, for use throughout the year in Roads Maintenance projects. The additional cost of the plastic product may be justified by its performance and longer replacement schedule.

• Rubber Chips made of processed waste-tire material are used by Parks Division as play area cover. In 1994-95, they purchased 40,000 pounds of chips for use at Southern Height's Park, at a cost of $4,300. Ground tires are also used during regular maintenance of play areas. Not only does this product meet the safety and performance standards set by Parks Division, it also uses rubber derived largely from Washington state waste tires. Parks Division also purchases recycled rubber mats to use as backstop padding in ball parks.

III. ONGOING PROGRAM ELEMENTS

Agency Liaison Network

The Recycled Product Procurement Program provides agencies with recycled product information through a network of people who act as liaisons between the program and the agencies. The program ensures that evaluation results and specifications developed by users are shared between agencies and made available to suburban cities and other jurisdictions. It also helps agencies create evaluation opportunities and revise contract administration procedures to develop methods to routinely use recycled materials whenever practicable.

During 1994-95, the program hosted informational meetings, tours, and other educational events to bring awareness of recycled product procurement opportunities to agencies.

Asphalt information program

Presenters from the Clean Washington Center (CWC), the American Asphalt Institute, and the King County Roads Division described the properties and appropriate applications of recycled asphalt.
The program was attended by personnel from King County Parks Division (Parks), Roads Division (Roads), Solid Waste Division (SWD), Surface Water Management (SWM), and Metro Divisions (Metro), and by members of Public Works departments of suburban cities.

 

GROCO compost facility tour

Presenters from Metro and the GROCO company, led a tour of the GROCO composting facility, described appropriate applications, and provided information about the product and its properties.
The program was attended by personnel from Parks, Roads Maintenance, Roads Engineering, Road Soils Lab, SWM, Marketing Commission and Metro.

 

Plastic lumber demonstration, Lake Forest Park

Presenters from the City of Lake Forest Park led a tour of a park facility constructed using recycled plastic lumber and compost.
The program was attended by personnel from Parks, SWM, SWD, Roads Engineering, and Metro.

 

Landfill project tour: glass and recycled concrete aggregates

Solid Waste project personnel led a tour of a gas-extraction pipeline project at a maintenance landfill at which recycled glass and recycled concrete aggregate had been specified in place of virgin material.
The program was attended by personnel from Road Soils Lab, SWD, and the Clean Washington Center.

 

Re-refined oil presentation

Safety-Kleen, an oil distributor from Ohio, presented information about plans to introduce a new line of re-refined oil products into the Pacific Northwest at a meeting held by the Marketing Commission.
The program was attended by personnel from Metro and King County Fleet Administration.

 

Urban soils workshop

The Center for Urban Horticulture presented a program on the problems of urban soils and their mitigation. Discussion included techniques for using compost to improve the horticultural performance of soils.
The program was attended by personnel from Roads Engineering and Metro.

 

Tour of City of Seattle projects using plastic lumber

Personnel from the City of Seattle Park Department led a tour of recycled plastic installations in Seattle parks.
The program was attended by personnel from Roads Operations, Roads Engineering, Metro, Cooperative Extension, Facilities, Stadium Administration and Parks.

County Council Recognition

In January, 1995, the King County Council formally recognized the outstanding efforts of members of the Recycled Product Procurement Program's liaison network and presented them with certificates of appreciation for their work in developing applications for recycled materials.

Program participants recognized:

Mel Andriesen, Operations Supervisor, Solid Waste Division

Pat Borchers, CIP Liaison, Surface Water Management Division

Bill Garceau, Printshop

Leo Griffin, Analyst, Roads Division

Peggy Gronberg, Storekeeper, Parks Division

Tony Guerrero, Maintenance Superintendent, Stadium Administration

Jim Hall, Project Manager, Regional Justice Center

John Komorita, Project Manager, Solid Waste Division

Luke Korpi, Environmental Engineer, Roads Division

Valerie Lane, Buyer, Purchasing Agency

Karen Hamilton, Recycled Product Analyst, Purchasing Agency

Eric Nelson, Recycled Product Coordinator, Purchasing Agency

Dean Wilson, Landscape Architect, Roads Division

The King County Recycled Product Procurement Policy asks all County agencies to evaluate and use recycled products as they become available. Policy alone, however, does not get the job done. It is the risk-takers in agencies, like those recognized here, that do the real work of establishing and administering the necessary contracts and helping recycled product makers refine their products to meet user needs.

Internet Information Project

King County is now providing recycled product procurement information through a new service provided on the Internet by the King County Purchasing Agency. This service allows agencies to share their experience with other users and allows them to exchange recycled product procurement information with suburban cities and other jurisdictions through the World-Wide- Web.

• King County recycled product procurement program annual report
• King County recycled product procurement policy
• Model policy and implementation guide
• King County recycled product contracts list
• Contract language for buy- recycled contracts
• Information resources for buyers
• Specifications for recycled construction and landscaping materials:
  • Aggregate, Recycled Glass
  • Aggregate, Recycled Concrete
  • Asphalt, Recycled
  • Compost as Organic Soil Amendment
  • Hog Fuel (Ground Wood- Waste)
  • Paint, Recycled
  • Plastic "Lumber" and other recycled plastic products
  • Recycling and Waste Management During Construction
  • Tire-rubber Materials and Products
• Specifications for recycled automotive and office products:
  • Antifreeze, Re-Refined
  • Laser Printer Toner Cartridges, Remanufactured
  • Motor Oil, Re-Refined
  • Paper, Recycled
  • Plastic can-liners, Recycled
  • Tire Retreading and Retreads

King County Policy Revision

The King County Recycled Product Procurement Policy (Executive Policy CON 7-1-2, A/EP) was revised in 1995 to accommodate changes to the procurement guidelines of the United States Environmental Protection Agency and to reflect the County's four years of experience in policy implementation.

Technical Assistance for Jurisdictions

The Recycled Product Procurement Program, through the Waste Reduction/Recycling Section (W/RR) of the Solid Waste Division, offers technical assistance to suburban cities for implementation of recycled product procurement policies. The program distributes information to suburban cities and advises them on techniques for municipal procurement. It also maintains contact with operations personnel who are developing new applications for recycled materials so that this information can be shared through the liaison program.

These technical assistance activities have developed contacts through which information is shared between the County and suburban cities. Through the program, cities are able to take advantage of the experience of County agencies in the use of recycled materials and County agencies learn of their experiences.

Model Procurement Policy

Program personnel promoted the development of recycled product procurement policies by suburban cities by providing technical support to the Solid Waste Division Waste Reduction/Recycling Section in revision, distribution, and support of the King County Model Recycled Product Procurement Policy. An abbreviated version of the model policy, developed in 1992, is distributed by Waste Reduction/Recycling Section for use by smaller jurisdictions, businesses, and school districts. Program personnel also provide direct technical assistance to suburban cities for policy implementation, including sharing contracts, specifications, and procurement strategies.

Solid Waste Division reported that nineteen suburban cities had adopted recycled product procurement policies based on the King County model as of July, 1995:

Purchases of recycled products reported by these cities totaled over $250,000 in 1994/95.

Construction Materials Notebook

At the suggestion of Jim Hall, project manager for the Regional Justice Center project, the Recycled Product Procurement Program produced a construction materials notebook in April of 1994. These notebooks contain current information about applications for recycled materials, specifications, and other information resources for designers, engineers, and project managers. As County agencies develop specifications and document their experiences with recycled materials, this information is shared between agencies through this notebook. Copies are maintained by program liaison people in 15 County agencies and are updated as new information develops. In 1995, the King County Commission for Marketing Recycled Materials reproduced this notebook and distributed it to recycling coordinators in suburban cities.

Re-use of Demolition Materials

The demolition phase of a project to build a new regional justice center commenced in 1995. Contracts specified that materials removed during demolition be recycled wherever possible. Specifications required concrete and asphalt from the demolition to be recycled on the project site and used in place of new material for backfill, general fill, pipe-bedding and as a base-course for pavement in new construction. In this way, the Regional Justice Center project team recycled 95% of the demolition-debris generated during the demolition phase of the project. Most of the concrete and asphalt, 31,840 tons, was crushed and used as fill-material on the project site. A local recycler accepted 1,518 tons of concrete rubble, 791 tons of steel and 918 tons of waste-wood; and 750 tons of lumber was salvaged. Only 1706 tons of the material generated was not able to be recycled.

Information on specifications used in this project and on methods for accomplishing recycling of building materials may be obtained from the Regional Justice Center project office, the Recycled Product Procurement office, the Construction, Demolition, Landclearing debris program of the Solid Waste Division, and the recycled product procurement section of the County's World-Wide-Web site on the internet.

Public Involvement

The King County Recycled Product Procurement Program offers its experience in support of the planning, policy-development, and procurement education activities of various organizations, and jurisdictions. Program personnel participated in the delivery of public information programs conducted by many organizations during 1994-95:

• ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials):
  Committee D06, Paper and Paper Products
  Subcommittee D06.40, developing a standard terminology for recycled paper
  
• Clean Washington Center, Washington State Department of Community, Trade and Economic Development:
  Environmental Purchasing for the 90's: Workshops for Western and Eastern Washington cities, held in Bellevue and Spokane.

• Clean Washington Center, Washington State Department of Community, Trade and Economic Development:
  Meeting with Washington State University/ King County Cooperative Extension, and liaison program members to explore potential uses of tire-rubber for soil amendment in high- compaction turfgrass areas.

• King County Solid Waste Division:
  Presentations to suburban cities recycling coordinators
  Presentations to employee recycling coordinators

• King County Commission for Marketing Recyclable Materials:
  Presentations to and participation in various committees and public fora
  1995 Northwest Flower and Garden Show, product demonstration garden

• Recyclers United Network:
  Review of King County procurement program results

• Washington State Department of Ecology:
  Procurement policy committee, with Department of General Administration and the Clean Washington Center

APPENDICES

Appendix: King County Publications Available

The Recycled Product Procurement Program has several publications available by request.

All of the following publications are available on the Internet at http://www.metrokc.gov/procure/green

• King County Recycled Product Procurement Policy
• Model Recycled Product Procurement Policy and Implementation Guide
• Recycled Product Procurement Annual Reports
• King County Supply Contracts
• Resources for Buyers
• Sample Contract Language
• Specifications for recycled construction and landscaping materials:
  • Aggregate, Recycled Glass
  • Aggregate, Recycled Concrete
  • Asphalt, Recycled
  • Compost as Organic Soil Amendment
  • Hog Fuel (Ground Wood-Waste)
  • Paint, Recycled
  • Plastic "Lumber" and other recycled plastic products
  • Recycling and Waste Management During Construction
  • Tire-rubber Materials and Products
• Specifications for recycled automotive and office products:
  • Antifreeze, Re-Refined
  • Laser Printer Toner Cartridges, Remanufactured
  • Motor Oil, Re-Refined
  • Paper, Recycled
  • Plastic can-liners, Recycled
  • Tire Retreading and Retreads

For copies of any of these reports, please contact Eric Nelson or Karen Hamilton at (206) 296-4210 or by e-mail.

Appendix: Procurement Initiatives of Agencies

The table below presents the agencies that have evaluated and used various recycled materials. Agency personnel welcome inquiries about their experiences with recycled materials.

E-mail

King County | News | Services | Comments | Search