King County Contract Provisions and Specifications

Pipe-Bedding (Houghton Custodial Landfill Project)

 

This project involved installation of a gas-extraction system at the Houghton custodial landfill. The project used recycled glass aggregate as pipe bedding material.

Plans and specifications prepared by Converse Consultants NW and Garry Struthers Associates, Inc, under the direction of the King County Department of Public Works, Solid Waste Division: John Komorita, Project Manager

 

Technical Specifications

Section 2-03.2(1) Materials

B. Pipe Bedding
Pipe-bedding shall consist of 100% recycled glass cullet. Cullet shall conform to the following gradation:

Sieve Size	Percent Passing by Weight
3/4" square	100
1/4" square	10 - 100
No. 10	0-50
No. 40	0-25
No. 200	0-5

 

The cullet shall have a 5% maximum debris level. The debris level shall be quantified using the following visual method. Approximately 200 grams of processed cullet that meets the required gradation shall be placed in a flat pan or plate. Care must be taken to avoid segregation of debris from the glass. The percent of debris shall conform with the debris level using AGI Data Sheets 15.1 and 15.2, "Comparison Chart for Estimating Percentage Composition," by the American Geological Institutes, 1982. No hazardous materials shall be allowed in the cullet.

Prior to placing glass cullet as pipe backfill, the Contractor shall establish a test fill in a 3 foot wide by 20 foot long trench. The test trench may be a portion of the production trench, although there shall be no piping in the trench. Three 6-inch thick lifts of cullet shall be placed and compacted using the compaction equipment that will be used during pipe bedding installation. The test fill will be observed by the Engineer for the purposes of determining cullet compaction procedures to field-verify the nuclear probe method of quality control.

 

Project Summary:

This project was completed in 1994 and used 1,100 tons of 5/8-inch minus recycled glass, at a delivered cost of $8.25 ton. Because only a limited supply of glass was available, 50 tons of pea gravel ($11.50/ton delivered) were purchased as a supplement to complete the project. 100 tons of building sand was also needed ($9.50 ton delivered).

This project also used Recycled Concrete Aggregate as crushed stone surfacing.

The glass supplied was stained glass waste material from a local art-glass manufacturer. The material did not meet the specified gradation requirements but was examined and accepted by the engineer. The glass was supplied by Cadman Sand and Gravel Co. Vendor Information.

Pipe-Bedding (Puyallup/Kit Corner Custodial Landfill Project)

 

This project involved installation of a gas-extraction system at the Puyallup/Kit Corner custodial landfill. The project used recycled glass aggregate as pipe-bedding material.

 

Plans and specifications prepared by Applied Geotechnology, Inc. and CH2M HILL, under the direction of John Komorita, Project Manager, Solid Waste Division, King County Department of Public Works.

 

Technical Specifications

Division 9 MATERIALS

Section 9-03 AGGREGATES

9-03.7 Pipe-Bedding

Pipe-bedding, where specified on the Drawings, shall be beneficiated glass cullet with a gradation given below:

 

Sieve Size	Percent passing by weight
1/4"	100
No. 10	0-50
No. 40	0-25
No. 200	0-5

 

Glass cullet shall be certified by the supplier to be 100 percent free of sharp conchoidal fracture surfaces. All edges shall be rounded. Cullet shall be free of all paper, bottle tops or material other than glass and shall be certified to pass all TCLP requirements.

The maximum dry density of glass cullet shall be determined by using the Standard Proctor Test as described by the ASTM D698 test procedure.

In the event the contractor cannot obtain cullet meeting the above criteria, and for all pipe bedding underneath roadways, pipe-bedding shall be as specified in section 9-03.16.

Project Summary:

150 tons of recycled container and plate-glass, screened to 1/4-inch minus were used, purchased at $20.00 a ton (delivered). To complete the project, an additional 125 tons of pea gravel was purchased at $22.00 ton because only a limited supply of recycled glass was available.

This project also used Recycled Concrete Aggregate as crushed stone surfacing.

The glass was supplied by Stoneway Rock and Recycling.

Backfill, retaining wall: Roads Division

Recycled glass cullet has been used for this application twice by the Roads Division. In 1994, 438 cubic yards of 5/8" minus glass cullet was used and in 1998, 300 tons of 3/4" minus glass cullet was used.

 

Specifications: Glass Cullet

The specification for cullet that was used for this project was adopted from WSDOT's June 1, 1994 amendment to the Standard Specifications. The specification is as follows:

Aggregate composed solely of glass shall be used as gravel backfill for walls.

One hundred percent of the glass shall pass a 3/4 inch square sieve and not more than 5 percent by mass shall pass a U.S. No. 200 sieve. Sieve analyses shall be conducted according to WSDOT Test Method 103-C on at least a quarterly basis by the product supplier. All test results shall be kept on file by the product supplier.

The maximum debris level shall be 10 percent. Debris is defined as any deleterious material which impacts the performance of the engineered fill and includes all nonglass constituents of the glass feed stock. The percentage of debris in cullet shall be quantified using the following visual method. Approximately 200 grams of processed cullet shall be placed in a flat pan or plate. The percentage of debris shall be estimated using AGI Data Sheets 15.1 and 15.2 "Comparison Charts for Estimating Percentage Composition," by the American Geological Institute, 1982.

Total lead content testing shall be performed quarterly by the product supplier. Tests shall include a minimum of 5 samples. Sample collection shall be conducted according to ASTM D 75. The mean of these tests shall not exceed 80 ppm. Total lead content testing will be conducted according to EPA Method 3010/6010. All test results shall be kept on file by the product supplier.

Lead content testing was performed to ensure that any non-glass constituents of the cullet were not toxic.

For more information, please see the summary of the 1994 and 1998 projects.

Backfill, bedding and crushed stone surfacing (Factoria Transfer/Recycling Station)

The project involves excavating material and grading of the land to construct a building. The project is utilizing glass as aggregate for crushed stone surfacing, backfill and bedding. The specifications follow. Compost topsoil also was used at the transfer station.

 

Project title

Solid Waste Division

Factoria Transfer/Recycling Station

Project Manager: King County Solid Waste Division

 

Technical Specifications

Section 02200 Earthwork

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.01 Materials

A. Aggregates for Crushed Surfacing: 85% by weight mineral aggregate, 15% by weight glass cullet

Mineral Aggregate:

Manufactured aggregates meeting the requirements of Standard

Specifications 9-03.9(3) for Base Course except no more than 3% passing the No. 200 sieve.

Glass Cullet:

Maximum debris level of 5% by weight and with the following gradation:

 

U.S. Standard-Sieve Size	Percent Passing, By Weight
3/4 inch	100
1/4 inch	10-100
No.10	0-50
No. 40	0-25
No.200	0-5

B. Aggregates for Gravel Base: 70% by weight mineral aggregate and 30% by weight glass cullet.

Mineral Aggregate:

Natural or processed granular material meeting the following requirements:

 

U.S. Standard Sieve Size	Percent Passing, By Weight
2 inch	100
1 inch	70-100
No. 4	35-65
No. 200 (by wet sieving)	3-7* (non plastic)

reduce to less than 5% for wet weather or in wet conditions

 

Glass Cullet:

Maximum debris level of 5% by weight and with the following gradation:

 

U.S. Standard-Sieve Size	Percent Passing, By Weight
3/4 inch	100
1/4 inch	10-100
No.10	0-50
No. 40	0-25
No.200	0-5

C. Backfill for Drainage: 100% by weight glass cullet. Material shall be free draining.

Glass Cullet:

Maximum debris level of 5% by weight and with the following gradation:

 

U.S. Standard-Sieve Size	Percent Passing, By Weight
3/4 inch	100
1/4 inch	10-100
No.10	0-50
No. 40	0-25
No.200	0-5

Mineral Aggregate:

Crushed, partially crushed or naturally occurring granular material meeting the requirements of Standard Specifications 9-03.12(4).

D. Bed Material for Rigid Pipe: 100% by weight glass cullet

Glass Cullet:

Maximum debris level of 5% by weight and with the following gradation:

 

U.S. Standard-Sieve Size	Percent Passing, By Weight
3/4 inch	100
1/4 inch	10-100
No.10	0-50
No. 40	0-25
No.200	0-5

 

Mineral Aggregate:

Crushed, partially crushed or naturally occurring granular material meeting the requirements of Standard Specifications 9-03.15.

E. Bedding Material for Flexible Pipe and Conduit: 100% by weight glass cullet

Glass Cullet:

Maximum debris level of 5% by weight and with the following gradation:

U.S. Standard-Sieve Size	Percent Passing, By Weight
3/4 inch	100
1/4 inch	10-100
No.10	0-50
No. 40	0-25
No.200	0-5

Mineral Aggregate:

A clean sand/gravel mixture meeting the requirements of Standard Specifications 9-03.16.

F. Structural Fill: Select, native granular material obtained from the site excavations, stockpiles, or imported and processed; free of shale, silt, clay, and debris and meeting the following requirements:

U.S. Standard Sieve Size	Percent Passing, By Weight
3 inch	100
No. 4	20-60
No. 200	15*
reduce to less than 5% for wet weather or in wet conditions

G. Common Backfill: Mineral aggregate or glass cullet for fill in areas where no roads, sidewalks, foundations, or retaining walls will be constructed.

Mineral Aggregate:

Imported or on-site native materials free from organics and unsuitable debris, and at near optimum moisture content may be used. Maximum grain size shall not exceed 6 inches in the upper most 12 inches of the finished work. No greater than 10% by weight of the uppermost 12 inches shall contain particles greater than 4 inches in size.

Glass Cullet:

Maximum debris level of 10% by weight and with the following gradation:

 

U.S. Standard-Sieve Size	Percent Passing By Weight
3/4 inch	100
1/4 inch	10-100
No.10	0-50
No. 40	0-25
No.200	0-5

 

Project Summary: This project has been postponed until further notice.

Fill, Vashon Transfer/Recycling Station

B. Glass cullet shall have a maximum debris level of 5% by weight. Glass cullet is specified for its use for specific fill materials in this Section.

F. Structural Fill beneath Structures: Clean, free draining 90% recycled Portland cement concrete rubble and 10% glass cullet meeting the requirement of WSDOT Section 9.03.14 (1). If construction is in wet weather or wet conditions, the maximum passing the US Standard No. 200 sieve shall be 5 percent.

H. Backfill for Walls: Clean, free draining material meeting the requirements of WSDOT 9.03.12 (2). Backfill shall be 90% recycled Portland cement concrete rubble and 10% glass cullet.

I. Crushed Surfacing Top Course and Base Course: Crushed surfacing shall meet the requirement of WSDOT Section 9-03.9 (3). Crushed surfacing shall be 90% recycled Portland cement concrete rubble and 10% glass cullet.

K. Pipe Bedding and Backfill for Rigid Pipe: Clean, material meeting the requirements of WSDOT Section 9-03.12 (3) except the maximum passing the US Standard No. 200 sieve shall be 5 percent. Material shall be 90% recycled Portland cement concrete rubble and 10% glass cullet.

L. Pipe Bedding and Backfill for Flexible Pipe: Clean, 90% Portland cement concrete rubble and 10% glass cullet meeting the requirements of WSDOT Section 9-03.16.

Sandblasting Media - Factoria Transfer Station

Recycled Glass (Pool filter media) at the King County Aquatics Center

Specifications:
VitroClean	made from 100% recycled glass
Density	Approx. 80lb./cu.ft (specific gravity 2.5)
Coefficient of Uniformity	1.50 maximum
Est. Sphericity	0.30 - 0.50, Angular to Sub-angular
Porosity	48%
Effective Sizes	VF#25N (0.50-0.60) VF#35N (0.35-0.45)
Permeability	4.0 x 10 -1 cm/sec
Typical	SiO2 - 73%; Na2O - 14%; CaO - 10%;
Analysis: Mg)	<1%; Al2O3 <1%; SO2 <1%

For more information about this project, please see the King County Executive press release or the fact sheet

For More Information

Information is available on the use of glass aggregates in construction applications from the Clean Washington Center website.

 

Further information may be available through the following main menu selections:

King County Environmentally Preferable Products Supply Contracts
Resources for Buyers
Standard Paragraphs for Contracts

Vendor Information

BFI (800)845-8853 Bellevue, WA
Cadman Sand and Gravel (425)794-4100 Monroe, WA
Stoneway Rock and Recycling (425)226-1000 Renton, WA
Waste Management (206)762-3000 Seattle, WA

TriVitro (425)251-8340 Kent, WA (sandblasting media)

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